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Cryogenics
Cryogenics
Cryogenics is the study of low
temperatures or the production of the same, and is often confused with
cryobiology, the study of the effect of low temperatures on organisms, or
the study of
cryopreservation. Likewise,
cryonics
is the nascent study of the cryopreservation of the human body, is not an
established science like cryogenics and is generally viewed with skepticism by
most scientists and doctors today.
Liquid gases, such as liquid
nitrogen
and liquid helium,
are used in many cryogenic applications. These gases are held in special
containers known as Dewar flasks. Dewar flasks are named after their inventor,
James
Dewar, the man who first liquified hydrogen.
Everday vacuum
flasks are a Dewar flask fitted in a protective casing.
Leiden,Netherlands
is sometimes called "The Coldest Place on Earth", because of the revolutions in
cryogenics that happened there. Some of these were the discovery of
superconductivity by
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, the liquefaction of helium by Kamerlingh Onnes, and
the solidification of helium by Kamerlingh Onnes' pupil,
Willem Hendrik Keesom.
The study of superconductivity is called
cryoelectronics or cryolectronics. The utilization of these sciences is
called
cryotronics.
See also:
Home | Up | Astrophysics | Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics | Computational Physics | Condensed Matter Physics | Cosmology
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