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Geophysics
Geophysics
Geophysics, the study of the
earth by quantitative
physical methods, especially by
seismic
reflection and
refraction,
gravity,
magnetic, electrical,
electromagnetic, and
radioactivity methods.
It includes the branches of:
-
Seismology (earthquakes
and elastic
waves)
-
Gravity and
geodesy (the earth's gravitational field and the size and form of the
earth)
-
Atmospheric electricity and
terrestrial magnetism (including
ionosphere,
Van Allen belts, telluric currents, etc.)
-
Geothermometry (heating of the earth, heat flow,
volcanology, and hot springs)
-
Hydrology (ground and surface water, sometimes including
glaciology)
-
Physical
oceanography
-
Meteorology
-
Tectonophysics (geological processes in the earth)
-
Exploration and engineering geophysics
A related field is
geochemistry.
Exploration geophysics is the use of
seismic, gravity, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic, etc., methods in the
search for
oil,
gas,
minerals,
water, etc., with the objective of economic exploitation. The Society of
Exploration Geophysicists (seg.org) has the most recent update of the sciences
and technologies of exploration geophysics. (See also
petroleum geology).
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