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Steady State Theory
Steady state theory
The steady state theory was developed in
1949
by
Fred Hoyle and others as an alternative to the
Big Bang theory. According to the steady state theory, although the universe
is expanding, it nevertheless does not change its look over time, because new
matter is formed to keep the density equal. Because only very little matter
needs to be formed, roughly a few hundred atoms of hydrogen in the Milky Galaxy
each year, it is not a problem of the theory that the forming of matter is not
observed directly.
Problems with the steady state theory began to emerge in the
late
1960s, when evidence started to show that the universe was in fact changing:
quasars and
radio galaxies were found only at large distances (and thus, because of the
finiteness of the
speed of light, in the past), not in closer galaxies. The final blow came
with the discovery of the
cosmic background radiation in
1965
which was predicted by the big bang theory, and not the steady state theory.
Today, the big bang theory is the one that astronomers
consider a good approximation to describing the origin of the universe and the
basis of more complete theories.
Observational cosmologists deal with observations, and
because the universe and the speed of light are both finite, one can only
observe data within a sphere centered on the observers. What is outside that
sphere is therefore not accessible to observational cosmologists.
Theoretical cosmologists regard the big bang model as
incomplete in part because it does not address the issue of what happened before
the big bang. Some of these speculations about what happened before the big bang
and what would happen after the big crunch are qualitatively somewhat similar to
the quasi-steady-state-model.
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